Cb Sachdeva Macroeconomics Pdf
Cb Sachdeva Macroeconomics Pdf - A Review of a Popular Textbook for Class 12 Students
Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behavior and performance of the economy as a whole. It deals with topics such as national income, output, inflation, unemployment, growth, trade, and fiscal and monetary policies. Macroeconomics is an important subject for students who want to pursue higher studies or careers in economics, business, finance, or public policy.
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One of the most widely used textbooks for macroeconomics in India is the Intraductory Macroeconomics A Textbook for Class 12 (2019-2020) Examination by C.B. Sachdeva. This book is based on the latest syllabus prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and covers all the topics required for the board examination. The book is written in a simple and lucid language and explains the concepts with the help of diagrams, graphs, tables, and examples. The book also provides a summary of each chapter, exercises, multiple choice questions, and previous years' questions for practice and revision.
The book is divided into ten chapters, which are as follows:
Introduction: This chapter introduces the basic concepts and definitions of macroeconomics, such as gross domestic product (GDP), national income accounting, nominal and real GDP, GDP deflator, consumer price index (CPI), inflation, unemployment, and business cycles.
National Income and Related Aggregates: This chapter explains how to measure national income and its components, such as consumption, investment, government expenditure, and net exports. It also discusses the methods of calculating national income, such as the product method, the income method, and the expenditure method. It also covers the concepts of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, equilibrium output, and multiplier effect.
Money and Banking: This chapter describes the functions and forms of money, such as fiat money, commodity money, legal tender money, bank money, etc. It also explains the role and functions of the central bank and commercial banks in the economy. It also covers the concepts of money supply, money demand, money creation by banks, credit multiplier, monetary policy instruments, such as open market operations, cash reserve ratio (CRR), statutory liquidity ratio (SLR), repo rate, reverse repo rate, etc.
Determination of Income and Employment: This chapter analyzes how income and employment are determined in an economy using the Keynesian model. It explains the concepts of aggregate demand function, consumption function, saving function, marginal propensity to consume (MPC), marginal propensity to save (MPS), investment function, autonomous investment, induced investment, marginal efficiency of capital (MEC), interest rate determination by money market equilibrium, aggregate supply function, effective demand principle, equilibrium level of income and employment by goods market equilibrium.
Government Budget and the Economy: This chapter discusses the role and objectives of government budget in an economy. It explains the components of government budget, such as revenue receipts, capital receipts, revenue expenditure, capital expenditure, plan expenditure, non-plan expenditure, balanced budget, surplus budget, and deficit budget. It also covers the concepts of fiscal policy, fiscal deficit, primary deficit, revenue deficit, and their implications for the economy.
Balance of Payments: This chapter examines the transactions between a country and the rest of the world in terms of goods, services, and financial assets. It explains the components of balance of payments account, such as current account, capital account, and financial account. It also discusses the concepts of balance of trade, balance of services, balance on current account, balance on capital account, balance on financial account, overall balance of payments, and exchange rate determination by demand and supply of foreign exchange.
Economic Growth and Development: This chapter explores the meaning and measurement of economic growth and development. It explains the indicators of economic growth, such as GDP growth rate, per capita income, and productivity. It also explains the indicators of economic development, such as human development index (HDI), gender development index (GDI), gender empowerment measure (GEM), poverty line, poverty ratio, and inequality measures. It also covers the factors affecting economic growth and development, such as physical capital, human capital, natural resources, technology, institutions, and policies.
Environmental and Sustainable Development: This chapter addresses the issues and challenges of environmental and sustainable development. It explains the concepts of environment, ecosystem, biodiversity, environmental degradation, environmental pollution, global warming, climate change, ozone depletion, acid rain, and green house effect. It also explains the concepts of sustainable development, green GDP, green accounting, and green budgeting. It also discusses the role and initiatives of international organizations and agreements in promoting environmental and sustainable development, such as United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, etc.
Comparative Development Experiences of India and Its Neighbours: This chapter compares the development experiences of India and its neighbours, such as China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It compares the indicators of economic growth and development, such as GDP growth rate, per capita income, HDI, GDI, GEM, poverty ratio, inequality measures, etc. It also compares the policies and strategies adopted by these countries for economic growth and development, such as planning, liberalization, privatization, globalization, trade, foreign investment, fiscal policy, monetary policy, etc.
Project Work: This chapter provides guidelines and suggestions for students to undertake a project work on any topic related to macroeconomics. It helps the students to develop their research skills, analytical skills, presentation skills, and report writing skills.
The book is available in both hard copy and soft copy formats. The hard copy can be purchased from any book store or online platform. The soft copy can be downloaded as a pdf file from various websites . The pdf file is convenient for students who want to access the book anytime and anywhere on their devices. The pdf file also allows the students to highlight, annotate, bookmark, and search the text easily.
The book is a comprehensive and reliable source of information and knowledge for students who want to learn macroeconomics. The book is also useful for teachers who want to teach macroeconomics effectively. The book is highly recommended for students who want to score well in their board examination and prepare for their future studies or careers in economics or related fields.